![]() It is noteworthy that transient hypochondriac symptoms are common in this population. Health science students, including students majoring in clinical medicine, nursing, public health, and pharmacology, are considered at high risk for mental distress due to their competitive school environment, which creates academic and social stress. In the studies included in this review and meta-analysis, the phenomenon was mostly defined using the following terms: medical students’ disease, hypochondriasis of medical students, health anxiety, or nosophobia. The DSM-Ⅴ replaced hypochondriasis with illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder, which broaden the description of hypochondriac symptoms to include behavioral and distress symptoms and are more reliable and clinically useful in identifying hypochondriasis. ![]() The diagnosis of hypochondriasis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ), includes the following four symptoms: (1) preoccupation with or fears of having a serious disease, (2) preoccupation or fears persist after medical reassurance, (3) preoccupation or fears interfere significantly with functioning, and (4) the symptoms last more than six months. Hypochondriasis is a preoccupation with having a serious disease based on a misinterpretation of bodily symptoms. ![]()
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